Proximate Analysis: This analysis determines the moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content of coal. It provides information about the combustibility and energy content of the coal.

Ultimate Analysis: This analysis involves determining the elemental composition of coal, including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. It helps in evaluating the calorific value and potential environmental impact of the coal.

Calorific Value: It measures the amount of heat released during the combustion of coal. Higher calorific value indicates higher energy content and better quality coal.

Ash Content: Ash content represents the inorganic residue left after coal combustion. Lower ash content is desirable as high ash content can reduce combustion efficiency and increase maintenance requirements.

Sulfur Content: High sulfur content in coal leads to the production of sulfur dioxide during combustion, which contributes to air pollution and acid rain. Lower sulfur content is generally preferred.

Volatile Matter: Volatile matter refers to the components of coal that vaporize when heated. It affects the ease of ignition and combustion characteristics of coal.

Petrographic Analysis: This analysis involves the microscopic examination of coal samples to determine their composition, rank, and structure. It helps classify coal into different types (such as anthracite, bituminous, or lignite) and provides insights into its formation and properties.

Grindability: Grindability measures the ease with which coal can be ground into a fine powder. It is an important factor for coal used in pulverized coal combustion systems.

These diagnostic methods, along with other specific parameters depending on the intended use of the coal, help assess its quality and suitability for various applications such as power generation, industrial processes, and metallurgical processes